How much LPIC-1 Linux Administrator, 102-500 Exam Cost

The price of the LPIC-1 Linux Administrator, 102-500 exam fee is 200 USD.

Reference: https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-1-overview

Administrative Tasks

Localisation and internationalisation – You need to know about the importance of LANG=C and how it can be useful during scripting. Besides that, you should understand how to localize a system in a language other than English.
Manage group and user accounts as well as related system files – The learners should know how to suspend, change, add, and remove user accounts;
Automation of system administration tasks by scheduling jobs – The examinees should have some underlying knowledge and skills in using systemmd and cron timer units to easily run jobs at specific times and also at regular intervals;

LPI 102-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Shells and Shell Scripting
Customize and use the shell environment	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles. Key Knowledge Areas: -Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell. -Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands. -Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts. -Set command search path with the proper directory. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -. -source -/etc/bash.bashrc -/etc/profile -env -export -set -unset -~/.bash_profile -~/.bash_login -~/.profile -~/.bashrc -~/.bash_logout -function -alias
Customize or write simple scripts	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new Bash scripts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests). -Use command substitution. -Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command. -Execute chained commands. -Perform conditional mailing to the superuser. -Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line. -Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -for -while -test -if -read -seq -exec -\|\| -&&
User Interfaces and Desktops
Install and configure X11	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11. Key Knowledge Areas: -Understanding of the X11 architecture. -Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file. -Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout. -Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers. -Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers. -Awareness of Wayland. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/X11/xorg.conf -/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ -~/.xsession-errors -xhost -xauth -DISPLAY -X
Graphical Desktops	Weight: 1Description: Candidates should be aware of major Linux desktops. Furthermore, candidates should be aware of protocols used to access remote desktop sessions. Key Knowledge Areas: -Awareness of major desktop environments -Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -KDE -Gnome -Xfce -X11 -XDMCP -VNC -Spice -RDP
Accessibility	Weight: 1 Description: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes. -Basic knowledge of assistive technology. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes. -Screen Reader. -Braille Display. -Screen Magnifier. -On-Screen Keyboard. -Sticky/Repeat keys. -Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys. -Mouse keys. -Gestures. -Voice recognition.
Administrative Tasks
Manage user and group accounts and related system files	Weight: 5 Description: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Add, modify and remove users and groups. -Manage user/group info in password/group databases. -Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/passwd -/etc/shadow -/etc/group -/etc/skel/ -chage -getent -groupadd -groupdel -groupmod -passwd -useradd -userdel -usermod
Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to use cron and systemd timers to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time. Key Knowledge Areas: -Manage cron and at jobs. -Configure user access to cron and at services. -Understand systemd timer units. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/ -/etc/at.deny -/etc/at.allow -/etc/crontab -/etc/cron.allow -/etc/cron.deny -/var/spool/cron/ -crontab -at -atq -atrm -systemctl -systemd-run
Localisation and internationalisation	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting. Key Knowledge Areas: -Configure locale settings and environment variables. -Configure timezone settings and environment variables. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/timezone -/etc/localtime -/usr/share/zoneinfo/ -LC_* -LC_ALL -LANG -TZ -/usr/bin/locale -tzselect -timedatectl -date -iconv -UTF-8 -ISO-8859 -ASCII -Unicode
Essential System Services
Maintain system time	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP. Key Knowledge Areas: -Set the system date and time. -Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC. -Configure the correct timezone. -Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony. -Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service. -Awareness of the ntpq command. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/usr/share/zoneinfo/ -/etc/timezone -/etc/localtime -/etc/ntp.conf -/etc/chrony.conf -date -hwclock -timedatectl -ntpd -ntpdate -chronyc -pool.ntp.org
System logging	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to configure rsyslog. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. Use of the systemd journal subsystem is covered. Also, awareness of syslog and syslog-ng as alternative logging systems is included. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic configuration of rsyslog. -Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions. -Query the systemd journal. -Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority. -Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size. -Delete old systemd journal data. -Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy. -Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald. -Configuration of logrotate. -Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng. Terms and Utilities: -/etc/rsyslog.conf -/var/log/ -logger -logrotate -/etc/logrotate.conf -/etc/logrotate.d/ -journalctl -systemd-cat -/etc/systemd/journald.conf -/var/log/journal/
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered. Key Knowledge Areas: -Create e-mail aliases. -Configure e-mail forwarding. -Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration). Terms and Utilities: -~/.forward -sendmail emulation layer commands -newaliases -mail -mailq -postfix -sendmail -exim
Manage printers and printing	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface. Key Knowledge Areas: -Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers). -Manage user print queues. -Troubleshoot general printing problems. -Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities -/etc/cups/ -lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
Networking Fundamentals
Fundamentals of internet protocols	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals. Key Knowledge Areas: -Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation. -Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses. - Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995). - Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP. -Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6. -Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/services -IPv4, IPv6 -Subnetting -TCP, UDP, ICMP
Persistent network configuration	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host. Key Knowledge Areas: -Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration. -Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager. -Awareness of systemd-networkd. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/hostname -/etc/hosts -/etc/nsswitch.conf -/etc/resolv.conf -nmcli -hostnamectl -ifup - ifdown
Basic network troubleshooting	Weight: 4 Description: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts. Key Knowledge Areas: -Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2. -Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2. -Debug problems associated with the network configuration. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -ip -hostname -ss -ping -ping6 -traceroute -traceroute6 -tracepath -tracepath6 -netcat -ifconfig -netstat -route
Configure client side DNS	Weight: 2 Description: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host. Key Knowledge Areas: -Query remote DNS servers. -Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers. -Modify the order in which name resolution is done. -Debug errors related to name resolution. -Awareness of systemd-resolved. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/hosts -/etc/resolv.conf -/etc/nsswitch.conf -host -dig -getent
Security
Perform security administration tasks	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies. Key Knowledge Areas: -Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set. -Set or change user passwords and password aging information. -Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system. -Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage. -Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in. -Basic sudo configuration and usage. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -find -passwd -fuser -lsof -nmap -chage -netstat -sudo -/etc/sudoers -su -usermod -ulimit -who, w, last
Setup host security	Weight: 3 Description: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security. Key Knowledge Areas: -Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work. -Turn off network services not in use. -Understand the role of TCP wrappers. The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -/etc/nologin -/etc/passwd -/etc/shadow -/etc/xinetd.d/ -/etc/xinetd.conf -systemd.socket -/etc/inittab -/etc/init.d/ -/etc/hosts.allow - /etc/hosts.deny
Securing data with encryption	Weight: 4 Description: The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication. Key Knowledge Areas: -Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage. -Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys. -Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation. -Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files. -Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels). The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: -ssh -ssh-keygen -ssh-agent -ssh-add -~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub -~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub -/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub -~/.ssh/authorized_keys -ssh_known_hosts -gpg -gpg-agent -~/.gnupg/

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